Naviaux: Oxidative Shielding or Oxidative Stress?
Ein ganz wunderbares Papier, das in der Lit-Liste von Watson aber noch nicht vorkommt,
ist dieses hier:
JPET = Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Oxidative Shielding or Oxidative Stress?
Robert K. Naviaux
daraus nur diese interessante passage kopiert:
Oxidative Shielding
Oxidative shielding is a stereotyped response to cellular injury or attack.
In order to better understand the fundamental differences between the “oxidative stress” and the “oxidative shielding” perspectives it is helpful to ask and answer a few questions from the viewpoint of these two different school s of thought.
This approach is similar to Galileo’s dialog (Galileo, 1632 (2001)) between adherents of Ptolemaic and Copernican systems as a method of showcasing their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Q1. What triggers the production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
A1. Hostile, damaging, or unhealthy conditions surrounding the cell. [Both “stress” and “shielding” schools agree with this answer.]
Q2. Where do the ROS come from?
A2. From mitochondria and specialized enzyme systems in the cell. [Both “stress” and “shielding” schools agree with this answer.]
Q3. What is the function or purpose of ROS?
A3—The Shielding School: The function of ROS is first, to protect the cell if possible—both as signaling molecules, and by physically decreasing the cellular uptake, release, and exchange of potentially toxic pathogens or chemicals from and with the environment. Second, to actively kill the cell by apoptosis or necrosis when the local environmental conditions threaten to spread to neighboring cells and jeopardize the survival of host. ROS are an effect of disease, not the prime cause. In the shielding school, the organism is considered the ultimate unit of Darwinian selection. The fitness of an individual, in terms of its ability to reproduce, can be substantially increased by rapidly cutting off resources, walling off, or actively killing, damaged or infected cells in a part of the body in order to save the whole.
A3—The Stress School: The function of ROS is to cause cell damage and disease.
Q4. What is the target of effective therapy in diseases associated with increased ROS and ROS-related damage?
A4—The Shielding School: Since the prime cause of disease can ultimately be traced back to toxic exposure, microbial pathogen, unhealthy nutritional practices, nutrient loading, or unhealthy patterns of exercise and activity, therapy should be directed at eliminating these causal factors. ROS production will naturally fall back to normal levels when physiologic balance is restored.
A4—The Stress School: Since ROS are the prime cause of disease, therapy should be directed at eliminating or normalizing ROS and ROS-related cell damage.
I leave it to the reader to weigh the strengths and weaknesses of two schools illustrated above.
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Ein ganz wunderbares Papier, das in der Lit-Liste von Watson aber noch nicht vorkommt,
ist dieses hier:
JPET = Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Oxidative Shielding or Oxidative Stress?
Robert K. Naviaux
daraus nur diese interessante passage kopiert:
Oxidative Shielding
Oxidative shielding is a stereotyped response to cellular injury or attack.
In order to better understand the fundamental differences between the “oxidative stress” and the “oxidative shielding” perspectives it is helpful to ask and answer a few questions from the viewpoint of these two different school s of thought.
This approach is similar to Galileo’s dialog (Galileo, 1632 (2001)) between adherents of Ptolemaic and Copernican systems as a method of showcasing their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Q1. What triggers the production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
A1. Hostile, damaging, or unhealthy conditions surrounding the cell. [Both “stress” and “shielding” schools agree with this answer.]
Q2. Where do the ROS come from?
A2. From mitochondria and specialized enzyme systems in the cell. [Both “stress” and “shielding” schools agree with this answer.]
Q3. What is the function or purpose of ROS?
A3—The Shielding School: The function of ROS is first, to protect the cell if possible—both as signaling molecules, and by physically decreasing the cellular uptake, release, and exchange of potentially toxic pathogens or chemicals from and with the environment. Second, to actively kill the cell by apoptosis or necrosis when the local environmental conditions threaten to spread to neighboring cells and jeopardize the survival of host. ROS are an effect of disease, not the prime cause. In the shielding school, the organism is considered the ultimate unit of Darwinian selection. The fitness of an individual, in terms of its ability to reproduce, can be substantially increased by rapidly cutting off resources, walling off, or actively killing, damaged or infected cells in a part of the body in order to save the whole.
A3—The Stress School: The function of ROS is to cause cell damage and disease.
Q4. What is the target of effective therapy in diseases associated with increased ROS and ROS-related damage?
A4—The Shielding School: Since the prime cause of disease can ultimately be traced back to toxic exposure, microbial pathogen, unhealthy nutritional practices, nutrient loading, or unhealthy patterns of exercise and activity, therapy should be directed at eliminating these causal factors. ROS production will naturally fall back to normal levels when physiologic balance is restored.
A4—The Stress School: Since ROS are the prime cause of disease, therapy should be directed at eliminating or normalizing ROS and ROS-related cell damage.
I leave it to the reader to weigh the strengths and weaknesses of two schools illustrated above.
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